第七章

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陈牧：寡人闻，王者以天为贵，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，所谓天者，非苍苍莽莽之天也，君人者以百姓为天。百姓与之则安，辅之则强，非之则危，背之则亡。《诗》云：‘人而无良，相怨一方。’民yuan其上，不遂亡者，未之有也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Kingstreatedtheheavensasanoblething，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Itisnottheskyintheordinarysense，Rather，thekingtreatedthepeopleasheaven，Thepeoplefollowhim，thenthecountrywillbestable，peopleassisthim，thecountrywillbestrong，Peopledonotsupporthim，andthecountryisindanger，Peoplebetrayhim，andthecountrywillgotoruin，Ifpeopleresenteachother，Andthekingdidnothandleitwell，thecountryisdoomedtodecline。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲知，何为君子？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，所谓君子者，言必忠信，而心不怨，仁义在身，而色不伐，思虑通明，而辞不专，笃行信道，自强不息，油然若将可越，而终不可及者，此君子也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatkindofpersonisagentleman？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Therearesomecriteriaasagentleman，Theyhavemadeloyaltyandfaithcreed，Theydonotcomplainaboutdifficulties，Theypracticebenevolenceandrighteousness，Andtheywillnotbecomplacentaboutit，Theyunderstandthetruth，Buttheirrhetoricisnottough，Theyholdontotheirbeliefs，Andtheeffortwillnotstop，Asifpeoplecansurpassthem，Butintheenditcouldnotbecomparedwiththem，Suchapersonisagentleman。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今南羌降而复叛，寡人当如何处之？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，南羌恃其险远，不服久矣。虽今日破之，明日复反耳。今大王倾国东征以事强齐，彼知官势内虚，其叛亦速。若殄尽遗类以除后患，既非仁者之情，且又不可仓卒也。夫用兵之道，攻心为上，攻城为下，心战为上，兵战为下，愿大王法诸葛擒孟获，服其心而已。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Today，theQianginthesouthhavebetrayedagain，HowdoIhandlethis？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，TheQianginthesouthhasalwaysbeenunconvincedbyus，Becausetheyhavearuggedgeographicallocation，Evenifwebeatthem，Theywillalsobetrayagain，Now，youareleadingmostofthearmyinthebattleagainsttheQiKingdom，Theyknowthatourrearisweak，So，theywillsoonstartarebellion，Ifweslaughterthemtoendit，Thatiscontrarytohumanity，Andinahurry，Warisanart，Psychologicaloffensiveisthepreferredmethodofwarfare，Directconflictisastrategyoflastresort，Ihopeyougettheirhearts，JustlikeZhuGeLiangsubduedMengHuo。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲大修宴台于孟津，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，昔大禹欲拯天下之大患，故先卑其宫室，俭其衣食；勾践欲广其御儿之疆，亦约其身以及家，俭其家以施国；汉之文、景欲恢弘祖业，故割意于百金之台，昭俭于弋绨之服；霍去病中才之将，犹以匈奴未灭，不治第宅。明恤远者略近，事外者简内也。今建始之前，足用列朝会；崇华之后，足用序内官；北邙、颖川，足用展游宴。若且先成象魏，修城池，其馀一切须丰年，专以勤耕农为务，习戎备为事，则民充兵强而寇戎宾服矣。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人当为卿罢之。chenmu：IwantedtobuildapalaceinMengjintohostabanquet，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Previously，KingYuwantedtosavetheworld，Sohelivedinahumblehouse，Andheeatsanddressesverysimply，GouJianwantedtoexpandhisterritory，Soheisalsoveryfrugal，inordertosupplementthenationaluse，TheemperorsoftheHanDynastydidthesameinordertomakethecountrystrong，HuoQubingoncesaid，TheHunshavenotyetbeendestroyed，Sohewasreluctanttostartafamily，Ifyouwanttobuildmerit，thenyouhavetosticktofrugality，Besides，theoldbuildingwasbigenoughforyoutoholdmeetingsandbanquets，Ifyouwanttobuildapalace，youhavetowaituntilthecountryisrich，Therefore，youhavetobediligentinhandlinggovernmentaffairs，Youneedtopayattentiontoagriculturalproduction，Youshouldkeepdevelopingmilitarypower，Onlyinthiswaywillthecountrybecomerichandstrong，Andforeigncountrieswillfollowyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人愿闻，刑罚之道，先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，圣人因天讨而作五刑。大刑用甲兵，次用斧钺；中刑用刀锯，次用钻凿；薄刑用鞭扑。大者陈诸原野，小者致之市朝。鞭扑无弛于家，刑罚无废于国，征伐无偃于天下；但用之有本末，行之有次第尔。历观前史，善用则治，不善用则乱。在乎无私绝滥，不在乎宽之与峻。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatisthetruemeaningofcriminallaw？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，TheHolyKingformulatedthecriminallawaccordingtothewayofheaven，Theendofcriminallawisamilitarystrike，Theseriouspenaltyisexecution，Theordinarycriminallawisflogging，Theultimatepunishmentisimposedontheoutskirts，Severepunishmentisimposedinpublic，Ordinarypunishmentsareimposedathome，Criminallawisthefoundationoftheruleoflaw，Itisprudentforyoutouseit，Andyouhavetofollowtheprocedure，Accordingtothelessonsofthepast，Ifyouuseitwell，Thecountrywillbewellgoverned，Ifyouuseitbadly，Thenthecountrywillfallintochaos，Thetruemeaningofcriminallawisfairnessandjustice，Andnotwhetherititselfisharshornot。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲知，君子之所守，先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，君子慎独，不欺暗室，卑以自牧，含章可贞，大丈夫立于天地之间，当养天地浩然正气，行光明磊落之事，克己，慎独，守心，明性。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatagentlemaninsistsonallhislife？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Thegentlemaniscautiousandindependent，Theydonotcheatontheirwives，Theyareveryhumbleandself-disciplined，Theyarelow-keyandhavegoodmoralcharacter，Asagentleman，welivebetweenheavenandearth，Weshouldcultivateourowngoodcharacter，Anddothingsinanuprightmanner，Onlybydoingthiswillyoubecomeagentleman。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲知，何为顺政？何为逆政？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，上之所为，人之所瞻也，夫释己教人，是谓逆政，正己教人，是谓顺政，故人君先正其身，然后乃行其教令，身不正则令不从，令不从则生变乱。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatisagoodpolicyandwhatisabadpolicy？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Whatthekingdid，peoplewatched，Itisbadpolicytodemandonlyothersandnotoneself，Itisgoodpolicythatcanleadbyexample，Therefore，thekingmustleadbyexampleifhewantstopursuehispolicies，Ifnot，thenpeoplewillnotfollowhim，Itcanevenleadtochaosinthecountry。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今许昌宫年久失修，寡人欲营之，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，大王奉太祖武皇帝开拓之大业，守惠文皇帝克终之元绪，诚宜思齐往古圣贤之善治，总观季世放荡之恶政。曩使唐懿、僖二宗，不废高祖之法度，太宗之恭俭，太祖虽有神武之才，于何所施，而大王何由处斯尊哉！今楚、蜀未定，军旅在外，诸所缮治，愿大王务从约节。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：InXuchang，thepalacehasbeendamaged，Iwanttofixit，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Youinheritedthelegacyofyourfatherandyourbrother，Youshouldlearnfromtheancientholykings，Atthesametime，youshouldlearnfromthelessonsofrecenttimes，TheemperorsattheendoftheTangDynastyweremediocre，Iftheyarediligentinhandlinggovernmentaffairs，Andinsistonfrugality，Liketheirancestors，Then，yourfathercannotsucceed，Andyouwillnothavethestatusyouarenow，Moreover，theStateofChuandtheStateofShuhavenotyetbeenpacified，Militaryandgovernmentexpendituresaresignificant，Ihopeyousticktofrugality。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。

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