第十二章

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陈牧：寡人闻，刘邦小人也，其何以取天下？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，盖能用人耳，运筹帷幄，决胜千里，其任张良，填国家抚百姓给饷馈，不绝粮道，其任萧何，连百万之众，战必胜攻必取，其任韩信，三者皆人杰也，其能任而用之，坦然无疑，豁达大度，此其所以取天下者也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，LiuBangisavillain，Whydidhewintheworld？Sirtaughtme。xiaofan：Ithink，Thereasonforhissuccessisthatheisgoodatusingtalent，HeappointedZhangLiangtostudythebattlesituationandformulatestrategies，HeappointedXiaoHetopacifythepeopleandensurelogistics，HeappointedHanXinascommanderofthearmy，inchargeofthecampaign，Theyarealloutstandingtalents，ButLiuBangwasabletoappointthem，Moreover，LiuBangtrustedthemverymuch，Atthesametime，LiuBanghasabroadmind，Thatiswhyhecanwintheworld。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人欲知，治人之道，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，治人之道，谓道之风化，陈示所以也，陈之以德义，而民与行，示之以好恶，而民知禁，日月之明，众下仰之，乾坤之广，万物顺之。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iwanttoknow，Whatisthewaytogovernthepeople，Sirtaughtmehowtodoit？xiaofan：Ithink，Thekeytogoverningthepeopleistoestablisharightsocialorientationandshowtherightvalues，Ifyoupromotemorality，thepeoplewillfollowyou，Youestablishnormativesystems，andthepeoplewillknowwhattodo，Onlybydoingthiswillthepeopleloveyou，Onlybydoingthiswillallthingsinheavenandearthrecognizeyou。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人深疾浮华之士，吾欲革之，先生何以教我？萧凡：臣以为，古者敷奏以言，明试以功，是为考课之法，今考绩之法废，而以毁誉相进退，故真伪浑杂，虚实相蒙也，愿大王复汉唐考试课之法，明试以功，三考黜陟，使州郡考士，必由四科，皆有事效，然后察举，试辟公府，为新民长吏，转以功次补郡守者，或就增秩赐爵，此最考课之急务也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Ihatepeoplewhoarepompous，Iwanttochangethat，Sirtaughtmehowtodoit？xiaofan：Ithink，Inancienttimes，regularreportingonworkandexaminationofpoliticalachievements，ThatistheassessMentsystem，Now，thesystemhasbeenabandoned，Instead，talentisselectedbasedonprestige，Therefore，itisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealandfaketalent，Therefore，IhopeyouwillreplytotheassessMentsystemoftheHanandTangDynasties，Basedonthreeyearsofperformance，youadjusttheofficials，Setupexamsubjectsforthefirstselection，Thenassigntaskstothemandobservetheresults，Recommendpeoplewithexcellentpoliticalperformancetothegovernment，Theyareappointedaslocalcivilservants，Then，theyarepromotedorpaidhigherbasedonperformance，Suchasystemneedstobeestablishedassoonaspossible。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，衮职有缺，仲山甫补之，正谏者也，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，国之将兴，贵在谏臣，家之将盛，贵在谏子，唯正谏直谏，可以补缺也，《易》日，王臣愕愕，直谏者也。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，TheHolyKingmadeamistake，ThePrimeMinisterwillcorrecthim，Suchapersonistheministerwhoadvises，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Thekeytothestrengthofthecountryliesintheministerswhoadvise，Thekeytotheprosperityofthefamilyliesinthechildrenmakingtherightadvice，Thereareministerswhomaketherightrecommendations，Thekingwillavoidmakingmistakes，BecausetheydaredtomaketherightadvicetotheHolyKing，Theyarethewealthofthenation。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：寡人闻，廊庙之材，非一木之枝，帝王之业，非一士之略，何也？先生教我。萧凡：臣以为，君为元首，臣作股肱，一体相须而成也，治身之道，务在养神，治国之道，务在举贤，是以养神求生，举贤求安，故国之有辅，如屋之有柱，柱不可细，辅不可弱，柱细则害，辅弱则倾，君欲求安可得乎？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人受教矣。chenmu：Iheard，Thewoodofthepalacehasmanyrootstosupport，Thecauseofakingalsoneedsalotoftalenttosupport，Sirtaughtmewhy？xiaofan：Ithink，Thekingistheheadofthebody，Ministersarethelimbsofthebody，Theyareallone，Thekeytowellnessistonourishthespirit，Thekeytogoverningacountryistheselectionoftalent，Nourishingthespiritisforhealth，Talentisselectedforthestabilityofthecountry，Therefore，thestatehasauxiliaryministersasahousehaspillars，Thepillarsshouldnotbetoothin，Auxiliaryministerscannotbewithouttalent，Otherwise，thehousewillcollapseandthecountrywilldecline，Itisimpossibleforakingtoachievestability。chenmu：Sirisright，Iacceptyourteachings。陈牧：近来，朝臣皆言太原公，天资英伟，甚有人君之相，寡人亦以为然，先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为，有国有家者，必明嫡庶之端，异尊卑之礼，使高下有差，等级逾邈；如此，则骨肉之恩全，觊觎之望绝。昔贾谊陈治安之计，论诸侯之势，以为势重虽亲，必有逆节之累，势轻虽疏，必有保全之祚，世子正统，宜有盘石之固；太原公藩臣也，当使宠佚有差，彼此得所，上下获安之道也，今臣所陈，非有所偏，诚欲以安世子而便太原公也，汉、唐故事尚在前也，大王安可不察？陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人谨受教。chenmu：Recently，theministershavesaidthattheDukeofTaiyuanisverywiseandpowerful，AndtheysaythattheDukeofTaiyuanhasthequalificationsofaking，Ithinksotoo，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Ithink，Inthestateandthefamily，itisnecessarytodistinguishbetweenthestatusoftheeldestsonandtheothersons，Onlybydistinguishingtheirrankandstatuscantheyprotectthemselves，Atthesametime，italsopreventsotherprincesfromcoveting，Previously，JiaYihadtalkedaboutthestabilityofthecountryandtheproblemsofprinces，Iftheprincesaretoopowerful，thenthereisariskofrebellion，Iftheprincesareweak，itiseasytosurvive，Thecrownprinceisthefutureking，Hispositionandpowershouldbeconsolidated，TheDukeofTaiyuanwillbeaprinceinthefuture，Therefore，youcannottreathimmorethanthecrownprince，Onlythencanyouprotectthemfromdisaster，WhatIsaytodaydoesnotfavoranyone，Ijustwanttoprotectthemfromfighting，ThecaseoftheHanandTangdynastiesisathand，Youhavetobevigilant。chenmu：Sirisright，Irespectfullyacceptyourteachings。陈牧：今日大宴群臣，寡人甚乐，吾欲使燕王献舞，以助雅兴，可乎？先生以为如何？萧凡：臣以为不可，君若无礼，无以使下；下若无礼，无以事上。夫人之所以贵于禽兽者，以有礼也。臣又闻之，人君无礼，无以临其一邦，大夫无礼，官吏不恭，父子无礼，其家必凶，且燕王亦一时之杰，朝中多有其故人，今若凌辱至甚，则伤臣子之心。陈牧：先生之言是也，寡人知过矣。chenmu：Today，Iamholdingabanquetwithministers，Ihadagreattime，Therefore，IwantKingYantodoadance，Sir，whatdoyouthink？xiaofan：Idon'tthinkso，Ifthekingisrudetoothers，Thentheministerswillnotworkforyou，Iftheministerisrudetoothers，Thentheywillnotrespectthekingeither，Etiquetteisthedifferencebetweenmanandanimal，Ifthekinghasnoetiquette，Thenhecannotcontrolacountry，Iftheministerdoesnothaveetiquette，Thencivilservantswillnotrespectthem，Thereisnoetiquetteinthefamily，Thenthehomewillbeindanger，Besides，KingYanwasonceahero，Therearemanyofhissubordinatesinthegovernment，IfyouinsultKingYansomuch，Thenitwillmakethemsad。chenmu：Sirisright，Iwaswrong。

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